Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are not often caused by a single factor. Instead, a combination of factors at the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels can increase or decrease the risk of violence.
Although some risk and protective factors are at the individual and family level, no child or individual is at fault for the ACEs they experience.
Risk factors are characteristics that may increase the likelihood of experiencing adverse childhood experiences. However, they may or may not be direct causes.
Protective factors are characteristics that may decrease the likelihood of experiencing adverse childhood experiences.
Please note the term “caregiver” will be used throughout to refer to parents and those who care for children but may not be biological parents.
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